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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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101689
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10168900.063
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1990-09-19
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NATION, Page 26If Southcom Had Acted
If George Bush had ordered American forces to prevent
Panamanian soldiers from reaching the headquarters where Manuel
Noriega was bottled up, the U.S. surely had the military muscle to
do the job. The 12,000 U.S. combat troops under the Southern
Command far outstrip the 6,000-man Panama Defense Forces in both
training and hardware. But civilian and military casualties would
have been high, if only because the vital military installations
are situated in downtown Panama City. As a Marine officer pointed
out, "Even an M-1 rifle can kill a lot of people in a crowd."
Washington says the rebels requested only that U.S. forces
prevent two units of about 200 men with light infantry weapons from
reaching Noriega at his headquarters. The Americans at Fort Amador
obstructed the movement of the P.D.F. 5th Infantry Company, which
shares the Amador base. American units from Howard Air Force base
were positioned to block the nearby Bridge of the Americas over the
canal to prevent the arrival of the P.D.F. 7th Infantry Company
from its base some 60 miles southwest of the capital. In neither
case were U.S. forces challenged.
Panamanian rebel commander Moises Giroldi apparently ignored
the even greater threat from Battalion 2000, based near the airport
15 miles east of Noriega's headquarters. This group of 800 officers
and men has 90% of the P.D.F.'s firepower -- including 120-mm
mortars, rocket launchers and armored personnel carriers -- and
many of its troops are Cuban-trained. Ultimately, it was units from
Battalion 2000 that retook the headquarters and freed Noriega.
No one can say for certain how well these soldiers might have
fought markedly superior U.S. Army and Marine forces backed by
helicopter gunships and operating from several scattered bases.
Macho U.S. officers insist the beer-bellied P.D.F. regulars would
not have dared to challenge them. Skeptics argue that the limited
holding operation the rebels asked for would probably have failed
and that U.S. forces would have been forced into a much bloodier
fight.
Even deadlier would have been any American attempt to seize
Noriega when the coup leaders refused to turn him over, which would
have pitted U.S. troops against not only the pro-Noriega forces but
the rebels as well. Moreover, some units of the Dignidad
paramilitary forces and the Doberman riot-control units, though
badly trained and disciplined, might have resorted to subsequent
guerrilla warfare. That would endanger not just American troops but
also the 50,000 U.S. civilians living in Panama.